Etic Theorizing Unanchored

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25365/jso-2024-8420

Keywords:

grounding, anchoring, social modality

Abstract

Etic theorizing uses the theorist’s social notions to theorize about their subject. This theorist may claim that Genghis Khan was a war criminal even though his actions predate the enactment of the Geneva Conventions. Brian Epstein considers a modal etic theorist who claims that Genghis Khan would have been a war criminal even if the Geneva Conventions were never enacted. Epstein argues that this has metaphysical import: it requires postulating a novel metaphysical notion of “anchoring.” Drawing from some familiar issues in modal actualism, I argue that modal etic theorizing does not support this postulate. But it does suggest a distinctive kind of modality at work in social reality.

References

Adams, Robert Merrihew (1981). “Actualism and Thisness”. Synthese 49, pp. 3–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01063914.

Chandler, Hugh S (1976). “Plantinga and the Contingently Possible”. Analysis 36(2), pp. 106–109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/36.2.106.

Correia, Fabrice (2024). “Non-modal Conceptions of Essence”. In: The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy. Ed. by K. Koslicki and M. J. Raven. New York: Routledge, pp. 124–142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003008750-11.

Einheuser, Iris (2006). “Counterconventional Conditionals”. Philosophical Studies 127, pp. 459–482. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-004-7790-5.

Einheuser, Iris (2012). “Inner and Outer Truth”. Philosophers’ Imprint 12(10), pp. 1–22. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3521354.0012.010.

Epstein, Brian (2015). The Ant Trap. Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199381104.001.0001.

Epstein, Brian (2019a). “Anchoring versus Grounding: Reply to Schaffer”. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 99(3), pp. 768–781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12644.

Epstein, Brian (2019b). “Replies to Hawley, Mikkola, and Hindriks”. Inquiry 62(2), pp. 230–246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2018.1502935.

Fine, Kit (1985). “Plantinga on the Reduction of Possibilist Discourse”. In: Alvin Plantinga. Ed. by J. E. Tomberlin and P. van Inwagen. Reprinted in Modality and Tense: Philosophical Papers. Dordrecht: Reidel, pp. 145–186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5223-2_4.

Fine, Kit (1994). “Essence and Modality”. Philosophical Perspectives 8, pp. 1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2214160.

Fine, Kit (2005). Modality and Tense: Philosophical Papers. Oxford: Clarendon Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/0199278709.001.0001.

Hawley, Katherine (2019). “Comments on Brian Epstein’s The Ant Trap”. Inquiry 62(2), pp. 217–229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2017.1289694.

Kripke, Saul (1972). Naming and Necessity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Kripke, Saul (2013). Reference and Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199928385.001.0001.

Lewis, David (1986). On the Plurality of Worlds. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

Lewy, Casimir (1940). “Logical Necessity”. The Philosophical Review 49(1), pp. 62–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2180522.

Mikkola, Mari (2019). “Grounding and Anchoring: On the Structure of Epstein’s Social Ontology”. Inquiry 62(2), pp. 198–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2017.1312743.

Pagano, Emilie (2023). “Social Construction, Social Kinds, and Exportation”. Analysis 84(1), pp. 83–93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/anad044.

Raven, J Michael, ed. (2020b). The Routledge Handbook of Metaphysical Grounding. New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351258845.

Raven, Michael J (2020a). “A Puzzle for Social Essences”. Journal of the American Philosophical Association 8(1), pp. 128–148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/apa.2020.48.

Salmon, Nathan (1986). “Modal Paradox: Parts and Counterparts, Points and Counterpoints”. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4975.1986.tb00489.x

Midwest Studies in Philosophy 11(1), pp. 75–120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4975.1986.tb00489.x.

Salmon, Nathan (2005). Reference and Essence. 2nd ed. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.

Schaffer, Jonathan (2019). “Anchoring as Grounding: On Epstein’s The Ant Trap”. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 99(3), pp. 749–767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12645.

Sidelle, Alan (2009). “Conventionalism and the Contingency of Conventions”. Noûs 43(2), pp. 224–241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0068.2009.00704.x.

Downloads

Published

2024-10-31

How to Cite

Raven, Michael. 2024. “Etic Theorizing Unanchored”. Journal of Social Ontology 10 (1). Vienna, Austria:87-99. https://doi.org/10.25365/jso-2024-8420.

Issue

Section

Articles